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这种MRI能检查肺!

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发表于 2020-10-14 13:21:32 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

                    

                    

                    
                    
                    <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95317"><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/6dff7e6a0500f3dc1c2a35c8db754ea6_2.png" /></p></section></section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><p>磁共振成像系统(MRI)是现代医学的主流医疗影像设备,是利用氢质子成像的核磁共振原理,依据所释放的能量在物质内部不同结构环境中不同的衰减,通过外加梯度磁场检测所发射出的电磁波,即可得知构成这一物体原子核的位置和种类,据此可以绘制成物体内部的结构图像。</p><p><br  /></p><p>由于MRI不使用对人体有害的X射线和易引起过敏反应的造影剂,因此对人体没有辐射和其他损害。MRI可对人体各部位多角度、多平面成像,其分辨力高,能更客观更具体地显示人体内的解剖组织及相邻关系,对病灶能更好地进行定位定性,对全身各系统疾病的诊断,尤其是早期肿瘤的诊断有很大的价值。</p><p><br  /></p><p>而由于空气会导致核磁共振成像图像失真,肺部检查通常都不会用到MRI。但就在近日,有研究表明,<strong>低场强的MRI反而有助于肺部成像</strong><strong>。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span>在过去的20年中,临床应用型MRI的主磁体场强已由0.2T以下提高到1.5T以上,1999年以来,3.0T的超高场强MRI通过FDA认证进入临床应用阶段。现如今,临床MRI的磁场强度有0.2到7.0T(科研型MRI高达10T甚至以上),其中因为1.5T和3.0T就可以满足临床应用的要求,所以使用最多,最为常见。由于场强越高,所得到的图像分辨率越高,显像越清晰,因此现在很多厂家都在对高场强甚至极高场强的MRI进行研究,而低场强MRI已逐渐走出了我们的视野,其研究几乎无人涉及。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="35362"><section><section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><span>低场机MRI:0.5T以下</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>中场机:0.5T到1.0T之间</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>高场机:1.0T到2.0之间(1.5T为代表)</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>超高场机:大于2.0T(3.0T为代表)</span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><trans oldtip="Now, researchers affiliated with the National Institutes of Health have worked with a team at Siemens to see what a modern MRI, operating at a lower strength, is capable of. It may make sense to build weaker MRIs in order to make them more affordable for more facilities, as well as expand access to intraoperative MRI imaging for surgeries." newtip="现在,附属于美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员已经与西门子的一个团队合作,以了解现代磁共振成像技术在低强度下所能发挥的作用。建立较弱的磁共振成像系统,以使更多的设备负担得起,以及扩大手术术中MRI成像的范围,可能是有意义的。"><span>现在,</span></trans><span>隶属于美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员已经与西门子的一个团队合作,以了解现代磁共振成像技术在<strong>低磁场强度下</strong>所能发挥的作用。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93396"><section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>低成本,更经济</span></section></section><section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>通常磁场强度在1.5-3.0T的MRI往往磁体体型较大,并有非常严格的基础设施要求,运行环境也有明确的标准。</span><span>再加上MRI扫描仪的购买、选址和维护成本很高,故而这些设备都十分昂贵,而低场强的磁共振由于磁体较小,可以削弱以上限制,成本更低。</span><span>虽然场强降低,但新一代的系统相比于过去的低场强系统性能更高,更加优化升级,故而新系统与介入设备的兼容性更强,</span><span>可以极大地增强影像引导诊断和治疗疾病的程序,而且该系统使得<span>医疗成像变得更加经济,更便于病人使用,</span>从而使医院更容易负担得起更多的设备,同时也可以扩大手术中磁共振成像的使用范围。</span><span></span></p><p><span></span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93396"><section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text">肺部成像<br  /></section></section><section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span><span>如我们所熟知,肺部的核磁共振成像是公认的困难,磁共振的原理是氢质子成像,而肺部充盈空气,缺乏氢质子,故在使用常用的</span>1.5T的MRI来成像的话,空气会导致核磁共振成像图像失真,肺部成像质量较差,而对纵隔胸膜、神经系统等软组织病变成像效果反而相对更好。</span></p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p><span><span>如前文所述,近年来的趋势是开发更高磁场强度的</span>MRI系统,从而产生更清晰的图像。但是,研究人员计算出,同样使用先进的系统,</span><span>在场强</span><span>降低的</span><span>情况下</span><span>,也可能提供高质量的心脏和肺部成像。另外由于金属物体在MRI临床诊断中有被加热的风险,还有可能<span>被带入MRI高磁场中从而出现“导弹效应”或抛射伤害</span>等危险,所以对于介入手术的临床应用,降低场强则会大大提高安全度。</span></p><p><span></span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span><span>研究人员使用的是西门子</span>Magnetom Aera,1.5T磁共振。</span><span>在保证原机器高质量的</span><span>硬件系统的情况下,把通常为</span><span>1.5T的</span><span>磁场强度</span><span>调低到了0.55T。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/17bafd344996b3f3a1c0f52a8239ba66_3.jpg" /></p></p><p><span>西门子Magnetom Aera</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span><span>研究人员首先用模拟人体组织的物体测试这种新的成像方法,然后很快将这种方法应用到健康的志愿者和患有肺病的病人身上,对他们同时进行研究,以评估扫描仪与同一台</span>1.5T扫描仪输出的差异。</span></p><p><trans oldtip="The team employed healthy volunteers and people with lung diseases, to assess the difference in the scanner’s output compared with the same 1.5T scanner." newtip="研究小组雇用了健康志愿者和肺部疾病患者,以评估扫描仪输出与同一台1.5T扫描仪相比的差异。"><br  /></trans></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f5ad2413a97d4dc3314071f2ad2bd271_4.jpg" /></p></p><p><span>如图所示,与标准MRI相比,使用高性能低场MRI可以更清楚地观察到淋巴管肌瘤病(LAM)患者的肺囊肿和周围组织</span><br  /></p><p><trans oldtip="The team employed healthy volunteers and people with lung diseases, to assess the difference in the scanner’s output compared with the same 1.5T scanner." newtip="研究小组雇用了健康志愿者和肺部疾病患者,以评估扫描仪输出与同一台1.5T扫描仪相比的差异。"><br  /></trans></p><p><trans oldtip="The team found that they were able to detect lung cysts and the surrounding anatomy in those with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Interestingly, inhaled oxygen worked quite effectively, and much better than with more powerful MRIs, as an easy to use contrast agent. Perhaps low power MRI may be an excellent imaging modality for lung conditions." newtip="研究小组发现,他们能够检测到淋巴管肌瘤病患者的肺囊肿和周围的解剖结构。有趣的是,作为一种易于使用的造影剂,吸入氧气的效果非常有效,而且比使用更强大的磁共振成像要好得多。低功率MRI可能是肺疾病的一种良好的成像方式。"></trans></p><p><span>通过研究试验,能够清晰地检测出淋巴管肌瘤病患者的肺囊肿及其周围的解剖结构。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>研究发现,在采用较高端的设备</span><span>系统的前提下,即使采用</span><span>较低的磁场强度,也能使肺组织的亮度增加,让肺部成像的清晰度得到很大改善,同时在组织和血液中也能更好地观察到氧气。</span><span>作为一种易于使用的造影剂,氧气的吸入使得成像效果相比高场强更加明显,同时也给</span><span>肺部结构和功能的</span><span>研究带来了更好的辅助作用</span><span>。</span><span></span></p><p><span>&nbsp;</span><span></span></p><p><span><span>由此,得出结论</span>——</span><strong><span>高性能低功率的磁共振成像可能是肺部疾病的一种很好的成像方法。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></p><p><strong><span>所以说,MRI不能检查肺部?不,也许高场强的MRI做不到,但低场强MRI是</span></strong><strong><span>有可能做到的!</span></strong><span><strong><span></span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93396"><section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><p><trans oldtip="The team found that they were able to detect lung cysts and the surrounding anatomy in those with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Interestingly, inhaled oxygen worked quite effectively, and much better than with more powerful MRIs, as an easy to use contrast agent. Perhaps low power MRI may be an excellent imaging modality for lung conditions." newtip="研究小组发现,他们能够检测到淋巴管肌瘤病患者的肺囊肿和周围的解剖结构。有趣的是,作为一种易于使用的造影剂,吸入氧气的效果非常有效,而且比使用更强大的磁共振成像要好得多。低功率MRI可能是肺疾病的一种良好的成像方式。"><span>其他新发现</span></trans></p><p><br  /></p><section data-brushtype="text"><br  /></section></section><section><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>此外,如我们所熟知,对于有起搏器或除颤器的病人来说,在高场强的MRI检查中会受到很大的限制,低场强的MRI则可以提供更安全,更安静的环境,并且更容易安装</span><span>和</span><span>维护</span><span>。</span><span>研究结果可以有效地帮助减少这些患者的限制程度,让患者享受到更加安全方便的检查体验。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>在心导管术中使用低场强的磁共振成像也有类似的优势,这对于某些心脏疾病的</span><span>诊断和治疗</span><span>有较好的效果,但</span><span>受阻</span><span>于合适的磁共振成像设备的</span><span>缺乏</span><span>。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>同样,扫描器在导管实验室得到了成功的应用,显示了推出更多磁共振成像以帮助引导导管的可行性。据该研究的第一作者Adrienne Campbell-Washburn博士介绍,由于现阶段已经可以将标准设备与高质量的心脏成像结合起来,在未来就可以开始考虑在MRI指导下进行更复杂的手术。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>这些结果对于大脑、脊柱和腹部的成像也有很大的应用价值。据研究者介绍,用这个系统对上呼吸道进行成像,也可以为睡眠和言语障碍提供有价值的临床信息。</span></p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93396"><section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>此前低场强MRI的应用</span></section></section><section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span>垂体腺瘤检查:因没有辐射、费用低廉、患者接受度好及图像清晰度高等特点,低场强MRI能够清晰显示垂体腺瘤与周围组织结构的关系,为临床提供较为确切的影像学诊断依据,是垂体腺瘤的首选检查方法。</span></p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p><span>胆管梗阻性疾病诊断:低场强MRI对胆管梗阻性疾病的定位诊断符合率达100%,定性诊断也具有较高的特异性,是一种安全、快捷、低廉、无创的首选检查方法 。</span></p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p><span>此外低场强MRI还对脑出血、听神经瘤、脊髓栓系综合征的诊断等方面都有很高的应用价值。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93456"><section><section><section></section></section><section><section><p><span>“</span><span>低场强MRI有助于肺部成像</span><span>”这一研究结果为肺部诊断提供了一种全新的思路,同样为</span><span>生产厂家提供了一种“</span><span>低场强但系统先进</span><span>的MRI产品</span><span>”的研究方向。</span><span>那么不如我们猜测一下,未来会不会有这种</span><span>新型MRI产品出现呢?</span><span>我们拭目以待······</span></p><p><span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span>参考资料:</span><br  /></p><p><span>1.Low Power MRI Helps Image Lungs, Brings Costs Down</span></p><p><span>https://www.medgadget.com/2019/10/low-power-mri-helps-image-lungs-brings-costs-down.html</span></p><h1><trans oldtip="NIH researchers develop MRI with lower magnetic field for cardiac and lung imaging" newtip="NIH研究人员研制低磁场MRI用于心肺显像"></trans><trans oldtip="NIH researchers develop MRI with lower magnetic field for cardiac and lung imaging" newtip="NIH研究人员研制低磁场MRI用于心肺显像"><span>2.NIH researchers develop MRI with lower magnetic field for cardiac and lung imaging</span></trans></h1><p><span>https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-develop-mri-lower-magnetic-field-cardiac-lung-imaging</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><a data-miniprogram-appid="wxdc7efe409d688f37" data-miniprogram-path="pages/index/index" data-miniprogram-nickname="" href="" data-miniprogram-type="image" data-miniprogram-servicetype="" href=""><p><img src="image/20201014/9b56b340737aeb94a7591bcbc4044481_5.gif" /></p></a></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="paragraph"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>相关阅读</strong></section></section></section><section><section></section></section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section><section data-width="100%"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2aac877ff9233ba5a66e7a5ff3a4febf_6.gif" /></p></section><section data-brushtype="text">戳一下,更有料!</section></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section data-brushtype="text"><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>关于永磁、常导和超导型MRI,看这篇就够了!</span><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text"><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>重大变革!MRI即将进入“100%无液氦时代”</span><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text"><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>从BMI到BCP,6分钟MRI扫描即可知健康!</span><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/aad9f56b0707b5374bbac6273a663447_7.jpg" /></p></p>
               
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