做CT对身体的伤害究竟有多大？

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                    <section powered-by="gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>本文来源：南方医科大学深圳医院</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>大家去医院的的时候应该都听说过CT检查，CT检查的作用有很多，各种疾病都很可能需要做CT检查。</span></section><section><br  /></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f221f9060013490c7b492c40c7fa357e_2.png" /></p></p><section><br  /></section><section><span>但是，一提到要做CT，很多人都会下意识地反感，因为大家都会觉得，作为放射性检查项目的<span>CT</span>的辐射会对人体造成伤害，甚至会觉得它会致癌。</span><span>那么它究竟有这么可怕吗？</span></section><section><br  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93899"><section><section><section data-width="20%"></section><section></section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>CT是啥？</span></section><section></section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><section><section><section data-brushtype="text">把人切片仔细看！</section><section data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><br  /></section></section></section></section><section><span>这么说吧，X光片就是把人压扁了看，超声就像挑西瓜前敲一敲，核磁共振则是摇一摇再看，而CT，厉害了，</span><strong>把人切成一片一片仔细看</strong><span>。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>而且这个</span><strong>切片厚度&lt;1mm。</strong></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>那么，CT是怎么工作的？</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>CT成像过程非常复杂，说得太专业，怕你听不懂，简单粗暴来说就是，</span><strong>机器发出X线，穿透人体，到达处理器形成图像。</strong></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/996eae28c3cbc72424b9d073b1ae4482_3.jpg" /></p></section></section><section><section><strong><span>C</span><span>T有两种方式</span></strong></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><span> 普通平扫：只需要躺在CT机器上面，几秒钟就完成扫描</span><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span></span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section><span> 增强扫描：</span><span>在平扫CT的基础上，静脉注射碘对比剂，碘对比剂会随着血液循环，跑到全身的组织器官中去</span><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span></span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><br  /></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><span>打了碘对比剂之后，就可以观察病变组织的情况，与周围正常的组织做对比，看是否有病变。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section><strong><span>总而言之一句话，增强扫描看得更多更清楚。</span></strong></section><section><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span><p><img src="image/20201014/2908ea4cd8bc2262a6b24b9f232b4311_4.jpg" /></p></span></strong></section><section><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></section><section><span>对于第一次来看病的患者，医生不知道病情是什么样的，可能会先让做一个普通CT检查。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>如果普通CT看到病变，并且能够明确诊断，那就不需要增强CT了。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>但是，如果普通CT看得不是很清楚，或者不够肯定，那就需要做增强CT了。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>需要提醒大家的是，增强扫描注射的碘对比剂，极少部分人会有不同程度的不良反应。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>所以，请仔细阅读碘对比剂增强同意书，在增强前后多喝水，碘对比剂会随着尿尿排出去，一般24小时就会完全排空。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93899"><section><section><section data-width="20%"></section><section></section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>CT有辐射吗？</span></section><section></section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><section><section><section data-brushtype="text">不超量不用慌！</section><section data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section><span>既然机器发出的X线穿透了人体，那么会不会对人体有很大的伤害呢？</span></section><section><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>CT的危害主要来源于X线产生的电离辐射。</span></strong></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>电离辐射可破坏人体内某些大分子结构，损伤细胞，从而损伤人体。</span></section><section><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>但是！</span><span>一切抛开剂量谈辐射，都是耍流氓。</span></strong></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>其实，不用做CT，生活中，很多事情都存在辐射，就问你慌了没？</span></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span>坐飞机20小时的剂量0.1mSv</span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span>每天吸20支烟每年0.5-2mSv</span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span>地铁安检乘客每年可能接受剂量&lt;0.01mSv</span></span></p></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><span>&nbsp;每个人每年所接受到的天然背景（本底）辐射剂量为 2 mSV 左右</span></section></section></section></section></section><section><span><br  /></span></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><span>根据国家发布的《X射线计算机断层摄影成年人诊断参考水平》，机智如小编，算术666，直接帮你们换算成简单的表格，这样人体各部位做CT检查时，承受的辐射量，一算便知。</span></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/3e98cb799b3f96de068682d360c3fd93_5.png" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><span>▲&nbsp;数据均采用成人平均值计算</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>我国放射防护标准中规定</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span>放射工作人员每年剂量限值是50mSv</span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span>五年内每年接受的平均辐射上限是20 mSv</span></span></p></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><span>也就是说，只要接受的总辐射量控制在安全数值内，就是安全的！</span></section><section><br  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/f2a4bf0bd6f4bcdf1b35fe646475278d_6.jpg" /></p></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>那么，</span><strong>做一次CT，致癌的几率有多大？</strong></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>从动物实验来看，除非暴露在长时间、大剂量的照射，否则，一般出现癌变、发生骨髓抑制的概率很低很低。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>怎么解释居里夫人死于再生障碍性贫血(骨髓抑制)呢？</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>那是因为她整天跟放射性物质打交道，长期、大量地接触放射性物质，相当于</span><strong>时时刻刻在照CT。</strong></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>所以，不要一说到辐射就慌得一比，就你做的那点CT，掰指头算一算，都知道是安全的啦。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93899"><section><section><section data-width="20%"></section><section></section><section data-brushtype="text"><span>那么</span></section><section></section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><section><section><section data-brushtype="text">CT用于哪些检查？</section><section data-width="100%"></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>有人可能会问，现在技术那么发达，既然CT多少都有辐射，为什么不干脆KO掉呢？</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>这还真办不到。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>首先，在医生指导下，做的CT辐射量在安全范围之内，第二，CT的应用范围很广，在头颅、肺部、四肢等部位检查中，有着无与伦比的优势。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><strong><span>颌面部、颈部：</span></strong><span></span><span>颌面部肿瘤、骨折、炎症等，如眼眶内病变、鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌、中耳乳突病变及甲状腺疾病、颈部肿块等；</span><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span></span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><strong><span>头部：</span></strong><span></span><span>脑外伤、脑出血、脑梗塞、血管畸形、脑肿瘤、脑发育异常等，急性脑梗塞、脑出血及颅脑外伤诊断首选CT检查；</span><section><p><span data-brushtype="text"><span></span></span></p></section></section><section><section></section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><strong><span>胸部：</span></strong><span></span><span>肺、胸膜及纵隔的各种肿瘤、结核、炎症、支气管扩张、肺脓肿、肺不张、气胸、骨折、食道异物及各种变异等；</span><span></span></section></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><strong><span>腹、盆腔：</span></strong><span></span><span>主要用于肝、胆、胰、脾、腹膜腔、腹膜后间隙，还有泌尿和生殖系统的疾病诊断，肠梗阻部位及原因的显示，对胃癌、结肠癌及其对腔外结构的侵犯程度和远处转移灶的显示具有重要的参考价值；</span></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86261"><section><section></section><section><strong><span>骨骼系统：</span></strong><span></span><span>颅骨及脊柱细微骨折、椎间盘病变、椎管狭窄、骨肿瘤、骨结核及炎症等，并能对病变部位进行三维成像及多片面成像。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><span>为了缩短时间，减少辐射，在CT时，你可以做到这些：</span></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><strong><span>1.摘除金属物品</span></strong><span>。在进入CT室之前，医生会提示将金属物品摘除，有些女性甚至需要把内衣也脱掉，想啥呢？让你脱掉，只是因为在检查过程中，不要让金属物品对检查结果产生干扰，形成阴影，影响医生的正确判断……而已；</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span><strong>2.事前做好检查准备</strong>。在进行胃CT检查时候，建议多喝水，让胃部充盈，提高检查效果；</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span><strong>3.配合医生缩短检查时间</strong>。CT检查时，医生会提出一些要求，需要患者配合，比如提示需要吸气和憋气，一定要配合，这样可以缩短检查时间，减少身体被辐射的时间。</span></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><span>当然，CT本质上还是一台X光机，在辐射防护方面有更高的要求，除非特殊需要，<strong>反复的不必要复查是不被允许的哦</strong>。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section><span>检查完之后，我们可以通过喝绿茶，多吃新鲜蔬菜水果，比如胡萝卜、橘子、西红柿和苹果等，还有海带、紫菜、黑木耳等具有抗辐射作用的食物，来降低辐射的影响。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section><span>孕妇12周之前最好不要做CT，之后根据病情来定，小宝宝需要选择低剂量CT扫描，甲亢患者要谨慎选择增强CT扫描。</span></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><p><span>专家介绍</span></p></section></section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/eb1a6a7be6f16269a990485655e82a98_7.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>刘于宝</strong><strong></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span>医学影像科主任</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>擅&nbsp; 长：</strong><strong></strong>磁共振成像(MRI)、CT等影像诊断，尤其擅长腹部、心胸影像、肿瘤综合治疗疗效影像学评价，对MRI、CT等影像前沿技术及临床转化应用等有深入研究。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><a data-miniprogram-appid="wxdc7efe409d688f37" data-miniprogram-path="pages/index/index" data-miniprogram-nickname="" href="" data-miniprogram-type="image" data-miniprogram-servicetype="" href=""><p><img src="image/20201014/9b56b340737aeb94a7591bcbc4044481_8.gif" /></p></a></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="paragraph"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>相关阅读</strong></section></section></section><section><section></section></section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section><section data-width="100%"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2aac877ff9233ba5a66e7a5ff3a4febf_9.gif" /></p></section><section data-brushtype="text">戳一下，更有料！</section></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section 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