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<p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">品牌营销如打怪升级，升的到底是什么级？美国心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年在《人类激励理论》论文中就提到了这样五个级别：</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求、自我实现需求</span>。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_media_thumb" data-backsrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/fAsFYWl5QXqyLESlnuoXtIMiaXicvFEia8lTNQjdu6KQl30Vj0lMNyNvRmJOU0aFQK7gwnKOer2Rv0ry4zjYXeNnQ/0" data-s="300,640" data-ratio="0.6492805755395683" data-w="" width="670px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/fAsFYWl5QXqyLESlnuoXtIMiaXicvFEia8lTNQjdu6KQl30Vj0lMNyNvRmJOU0aFQK7gwnKOer2Rv0ry4zjYXeNnQ/640?" style="display: block; line-height: 28.4444px; white-space: normal; width: 670px !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">马斯洛陆续写出了《动机与人格》、《存在心理学探索》、《宗教、价值观和高峰体验》、《科学心理学》、《人性能达的境界》、《人的动机理论》等著作，马斯洛需求层次理论便出自《人的动机理论》，该理论问世后产生了深远的影响，<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">至今在人力资源行业，教育行业，流动人口管理，青年教师管理，水资源开发利用，管理心理学，企业薪酬制定等方面都有运用</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">理论内容</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">马斯洛理论把需求分成<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">生理需求</strong>（<em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Physiological needs</em>）、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">安全需求</strong>（<em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Safety needs</em>）、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">爱和归属感</strong>（<em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Love and belonging</em>）、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尊重</strong>（Esteem）和<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自我实现</strong>（<em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Self-actualization</em>）五类，依次由较低层次到较高层次排列。在自我实现需求之后，还有<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自我超越需求</strong>（<em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Self-Transcendence needs</em>），但通常不作为马斯洛需求层次理论中必要的层次，大多数会将自我超越合并至自我实现需求当中。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通俗理解</strong>：假如一个人同时缺乏食物、安全、爱和尊重，通常对食物的需求量是最强烈的，其它需要则显得不那么重要。此时人的意识几乎全被饥饿所占据，所有能量都被用来获取食物。在这种极端情况下，人生的全部意义就是吃，其它什么都不重要。只有当人从生理需要的控制下解放出来时，才可能出现更高级的、社会化程度更高的需要如安全的需要。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><h3 class="headline-2" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第一层次：生理上的需要</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></h3><table padding="5" width="670"><tbody style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><tr style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">呼吸</span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">水 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">食物</span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">睡眠 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">生理平衡 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分泌 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">性</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果这些需要（除性以外）任何一项得不到满足，人类个人的生理机能就无法正常运转。换而言之，人类的生命就会因此受到威胁。在这个意义上说，生理需要是推动人们行动最首要的动力。马斯洛认为，只有这些最基本的需要满足到维持生存所必需的程度后，其他的需要才能成为新的激励因素，而到了此时，这些已相对满足的需要也就不再成为激励因素了。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><h3 class="headline-2" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二层次：安全上的需要</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></h3><table padding="5" width="670"><tbody style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><tr style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人身安全 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">健康保障 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">资源所有性</span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">财产所有性 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">道德保障 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">工作职位保障 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">家庭安全</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">马斯洛认为，整个有机体是一个追求安全的机制，人的感受器官、效应器官、智能和其他能量主要是寻求安全的工具，甚至可以把科学和人生观都看成是满足安全需要的一部分。当然，当这种需要一旦相对满足后，也就不再成为激励因素了。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><h3 class="headline-2" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第三层次：情感和归属的需要</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></h3><table padding="5" width="670"><tbody style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><tr style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">友情 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">爱情 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">性亲密 </span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">人人都希望得到相互的关系和照顾。感情上的需要比生理上的需要来的细致，它和一个人的生理特性、经历、教育、宗教信仰都有关系。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><h3 class="headline-2" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第四层次：尊重的需要</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></h3><table padding="5" width="670"><tbody style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><tr style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自我尊重 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">信心 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">成就 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对他人尊重</span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">被他人尊重 </span> </td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">人人都希望自己有稳定的社会地位，要求个人的能力和成就得到社会的承认。尊重的需要又可分为内部尊重和外部尊重。内部尊重是指一个人希望在各种不同情境中有实力、能胜任、充满信心、能独立自主。总之，内部尊重就是人的自尊。外部尊重是指一个人希望有地位、有威信，受到别人的尊重、信赖和高度评价。马斯洛认为，尊重需要得到满足，能使人对自己充满信心，对社会满腔热情，体验到自己活着的用处价值。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><h3 class="headline-2" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第五层次：自我实现的需要</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></h3><table padding="5" width="670"><tbody style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><tr style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">道德 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">创造力 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自觉性 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">问题解决能力 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">公正度 </span></td><td style="word-break: break-all; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">接受现实能力 </span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">自我实现的需要是最高层次的需要，是指实现个人理想、抱负，发挥个人的能力到最大程度，达到自我实现境界的人，接受自己也接受他人，解决问题能力增强，自觉性提高，善于独立处事，要求不受打扰地独处，完成与自己的能力相称的一切事情的需要。也就是说，人必须干称职的工作，这样才会使他们感到最大的快乐。马斯洛提出，为满足自我实现需要所采取的途径是因人而异的。自我实现的需要是在努力实现自己的潜力，使自己越来越成为自己所期望的人物。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><h3 class="headline-2" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">更高需求</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></h3><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">自我超越的需求是马斯洛需求层次理论的一个模棱两可的论点。通常被合并至自我实现需求中。1954年，马斯洛在《激励与个性》一书中探讨了他早期著作中提及的另外两种需要：求知需要和审美需要。这两种需要未被列入到他的需求层次排列中，他认为这二者应居于尊敬需要与自我实现需要之间。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">西游记5人团队分别代表了5个层次需求</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1. 八戒的需求是生理，激励八戒向前的因素主要有：食物、性……</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. 沙僧的需求是安全，激励沙僧向前的因素主要有：安全、秩序、自由；</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3. 白龙的需求是归属，激励白龙向前的因素主要有：友情、归属；</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4. 唐僧的需求是荣誉，激励唐僧向前的因素主要有：成就、尊重、欣赏（当然还有自我欣赏）</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5. 悟空的需求是自我实现，激励悟空向前的因素主要有：实现自我价值，包括学习、发展、创造力和自觉性</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">从这个示例分析：</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">西游记5人团队取得成功的要素，在于针对每个人的需求给予满足，从而激励大家一路向西。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5人团队每一个人的目的和价值观都不一样，所以各自的行为就很好理解。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">也因为大家的需求层次不同，在西行的过程中每个人的表现也截然不一样：</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1. 八戒偷懒</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2. 沙僧撮合</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3. 白龙无闻</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4. 唐僧哭啼</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5. 悟空拼命。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.你属于是哪一种？</span> </span>（嘿嘿）</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">理论解析</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．五种需要像阶梯一样从低到高，按层次逐级递升，但这样次序不是完全固定的，可以变化，也有种种例外情况。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．需求层次理论有两个基本出发点，一是人人都有需要，某层需要获得满足后，另一层需要才出现；二是在多种需要未获满足前，首先满足迫切需要；该需要满足后，后面的需要才显示出其激励作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．一般来说，某一层次的需要相对满足了，就会向高一层次发展，追求更高一层次的需要就成为驱使行为的动力。相应的，获得基本满足的需要就不再是一股激励力量。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4．五种需要可以分为两级，其中<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">生理上的需要、安全上的需要和感情上的需要都属于低一级的需要</span>，这些需要通过外部条件就可以满足；<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尊重的需要和自我实现的需要是高级需要</span>，</span>他们是通过内部因素才能满足的，而且一个人对尊重和自我实现的需要是无止境的。同一时期，一个人可能有几种需要，但每一时期总有一种需要占支配地位，对行为起决定作用。任何一种需要都不会因为更高层次需要的发展而消失。各层次的需要相互依赖和重叠，高层次的需要发展后，低层次的需要仍然存在，只是对行为影响的程度大大减小。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5．马斯洛和其他的行为心理学家都认为，一个国家多数人的需要层次结构，是同这个国家的经济发展水平、科技发展水平、文化和人民受教育的程度直接相关的。在发展中国家，生理需要和安全需要占主导的人数比例较大，而高级需要占主导的人数比例较小；在发达国家，则刚好相反。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">理论应用</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、生理需求应用</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">生理需求</strong>（Physiological needs），也称级别最低、最具优势的需<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">求，如：食物、水、空气、性欲、健康。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">未满足生理需求的特征：什么都不想，只想让自己活下去，思考能力、道德观明显变得脆弱。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如：</strong>当一个人极需要食物时，会不择手段地抢夺食物。人民在战乱时，是不会排队领面包的。 假设人为报酬而工作，以生理需求来激励下属。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">激励措施：增加工资、改善劳动条件、给予更多的业余时间和工间休息、提高福利待遇。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、安全需求应用</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">安全需求</strong>（Safety needs），同样属于低级别的需求，其中包括对人身安全、生活稳定以及免遭痛苦、威胁或疾病等。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">缺乏安全感的特征：感到自己对身边的事物受到威胁，觉得这世界是不公平或是危险的。认为一切事物都是危险的、而变的紧张、彷徨不安、认为一切事物都是“恶”的。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如：</strong>一个孩子，在学校被同学欺负、受到老师不公平的对待，而开始变得不相信这社会，变得不敢表现自己、不敢拥有社交生活（因为他认为社交是危险的），而借此来保护自身安全。一个成人，工作不顺利，薪水微薄，养不起家人，而变的自暴自弃，每天利用喝酒，吸烟来寻找短暂的安逸感。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">激励措施：强调规章制度、职业保障、福利待遇，并保护员工不致失业，提供医疗保险、失业保险和退休福利、避免员工收到双重的指令而混乱。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、社交需求应用</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社交需求</strong>（Love and belonging needs），属于较高层次的需求，如：对友谊、爱情以及隶属关系的需求。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">缺乏社交需求的特征：<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">因为没有感受到身边人的关怀，而认为自己没有价值活在这世界上</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如：</strong>一个没有受到父母关怀的青少年，认为自己在家庭中没有价值，所以在学校交朋友，无视道德观和理性地积极地寻找朋友或是同类。譬如说：青少年为了让自己融入社交圈中，帮别人做牛做马，甚至吸烟，恶作剧等。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">激励措施：提供同事间社交往来机会，支持与赞许员工寻找及建立和谐温馨的人际关系，开展有组织的体育比赛和集体聚会。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、尊重需求应用</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尊重需求</strong>（Esteem needs），属于较高层次的需求，如：成就、名声、地位和晋升机会等。尊重需求既包括对成就或自我价值的个人感觉，也包括他人对自己的认可与尊重。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">无法满足尊重需求的特征：变的很爱面子，或是很积极地用行动来让别人认同自己，也很容易被虚荣所吸引。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如：</strong>利用暴力来证明自己的强悍、努力读书让自己成为医生、律师来证明自己在这社会的存在和价值、富豪为了自己名利而赚钱，或是捐款。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">激励措施：公开奖励和表扬，强调工作任务的艰巨性以及成功所需要的高超技巧，颁发荣誉奖章、在公司刊物发表文章表扬、优秀员工光荣榜。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">五、自我实现需求应用</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自我实现需求</strong>（Self-actualization），是最高层次的需求，包括针对于真善美至高人生境界获得的需求，因此前面四项需求都能满足，最高层次的需求方能相继产生，是一种衍生性需求，如：<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自我实现，发挥潜能等</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">缺乏自我实现需求的特征：觉得自己的生活被空虚感给推动着，要自己去做一些身为一个“人”应该在这世上做的事，极需要有让他能更充实自己的事物、尤其是让一个人深刻的体验到自己没有白活在这世界上的事物。也开始认为，价值观、道德观胜过金钱、爱人、尊重和社会的偏见。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如</strong>：一个真心为了帮助他人而捐款的人。一位武术家、运动家把自己的体能练到极致，让自己成为世界一流或是单纯只为了超越自己。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 205); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一位企业家，真心认为自己所经营的事业能为这社会带来价值，而为了比昨天更好而工作</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">激励措施：设计工作时运用复杂情况的适应策略，给有特长的人委派特别任务，在设计工作和执行计划时为下级留有余地。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">六、超自我实现应用</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">超自我实现</strong>（Over Actualization）是马斯洛在晚期时，所提出的一个理论。这是当一个人的心理状态充分的满足了自我实现的需求时，所出现短暂的“高峰经验”，通常都是在执行一件事情时，或是完成一件事情时，才能深刻体验到的这种感觉，<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通常都是出现在艺术家、或是音乐家、或码农身上</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如：</strong>一位音乐家，在演奏音乐时，所感受到的一股“忘我”的体验。 一位艺术家在画图时，感受不到时间的消逝，他在画图的每一分钟，对他来说跟一秒一样快，但每一秒却活的比一个礼拜还充实。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在马斯洛一生当中并没有提到超自我实现这一层次，只有自我超越需求（<em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Self-Transcendence needs</em>），而且经常被合并至自我实现需求层次中。超自我实现也许是传播和翻译过程中的失误。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">广州市设备维修有限公司</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">地址：广州市天河区银利街银利茶叶博览中心E栋4楼E4030室 邮编：510507</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">电话：(+86)020-8722 8723 8764 5360 8764 2943 传真：020-8722 8623</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">全国统一免费服务热线：400-020-6788</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">微信公众帐号：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" width="auto" xhe_src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dx3KibwtDhvfCZvZq5PcthnDKlnnq3AalhbichW77J3B70osicTickklZybNKUZqc44DZ0oaWaHm2p0TaA9478icwPg/0?tp=webp&wxfrom=5" data-type="jpeg" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dx3KibwtDhvfCZvZq5PcthnDKlnnq3AalhbichW77J3B70osicTickklZybNKUZqc44DZ0oaWaHm2p0TaA9478icwPg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">维修咨询：QQ: 712638 404</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">设备咨询: QQ: 712638 405</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">软件咨询：QQ: 712638 406</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">配件咨询：QQ: 712638 407</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">交流Q群：1106 11074</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">网址：http://www.yiliaoshebeiweixiu.com</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">电子邮箱：service@yiliaoshebeiweixiu.com</span></p><p><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>
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发表于 2020-10-20 00:02:35