探究B超探头的内部构造

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                    <p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">B超探头由什么组成？</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px">B超探头由插件，探头，电缆线三大部分组成，</span></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dx3KibwtDhvfviaZCrApyOQ7YSib35giaI7HsGicQQP6hcJw3Fibusc6RCbib0sj0pTpqI7JWkoVrKhqpVfIcqKHicnvrA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.5732574679943101" data-w="703"  /><br  /><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dx3KibwtDhvfviaZCrApyOQ7YSib35giaI7Hic3aANhWZplUVEyUO4dXmCmhwcNMMnvSIHicWzlyibGqx2ibYoysTjOjRQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.5783699059561128" data-w="638"  /><br  /><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dx3KibwtDhvfviaZCrApyOQ7YSib35giaI7HuqIC9bajYndFTNeFmcicMjrpu4ujbIlQQRsIwNov83UnKPsMKnliaqmg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.5907692307692308" data-w="650"  /><br  /></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">其中探头由：晶片，声透镜，匹配层，吸声块，支撑架，声头外壳做成。在这些组件构成中，晶片，声透镜，匹配层，吸声块，支撑架，声头外壳是比较重要的配件。一旦这些出现问题，会影响超声探头的使用。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">晶片</span></span></strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">是探头中最重要的部件，用于接收电脉冲产生机械超声振动，完成声电和电</span>-声转换工作。其几何形状和尺寸是根据诊断要求来设计的，上、下电极分别焊有一根引线，用来传输电信号; 探头中一般有多个晶片构成，有的将振子沿直线排列为一行，组成线阵探头;有的将振子沿弧形排列，构成凸阵探头;有的将振子成矩阵排列，构成矩阵探头等多种多元超声换能器。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">声透镜</span></span></strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">材料的选择大致可以从三方面考虑，首先是声速高于周围媒质的声速，这样焦距短，以减小像差和传播损失</span>;二是声阻抗率与周围媒质匹配，以减小反射损失;三是声衰减小，以减小插入损失。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">匹配层</span></span></strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">处于声透镜和晶片阵列之间。由于声透镜同时与晶体振元和人体接触，两者的声阻抗差别甚</span> 6 -1 -2 大〔压电晶体振元的阻抗 Zf≈(20～35)×10 kg·s ·m ，人体组织的阻抗 Ze≈(1.58～1.7)×106 ? kg·s-1·m-2〕，难于使声透镜的特性阻抗同时与两者匹配 。超声经不 同阻抗界面传播 ，将产生反射，会 增加能量损耗并影响分辨力， 因此，往往需要采用匹配层来实现探头与负载之间的匹配。对匹配层除厚度与声阻抗的要求外，还要求其声阻尼要小，以减小对超声能 量的损耗。在工艺上应保证其同时与晶体振元和声透镜接触良好。 匹配层材料通常也采用环氧加钨粉配制。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">吸声块</span></span></strong><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">会聚或发散声波的声学元件。声波通过声速不同的媒质的界面时发生折射而改图形的光流分布变传播方向，这就可能使声波会聚或发散，会聚作用称为声聚焦。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">吸收块用于衰减并吸收压电振子背向辐射的</span> <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">超声能量，使之不在探头中来回反射而使振</span> <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei">子的振铃时间加长，因此要求垫衬具有较大的衰减能力，并具有与压电材料接近的声阻抗，以使来自压电振子背向辐射的声波全部进入垫衬中并不再反射回到振子中去。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="font-size: 16px; 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