【黑科技】你还在用缝针来处理创口？

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                    <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>呆酱前两天重温了一部电影《饥饿游戏》，其中有个片段是女主角被烧红的铁棍烫伤了腿，她师父送来一种药膏，使用后血肉模糊的伤口第二天即愈合，给呆酱留下了深刻的印象。</span></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><table width="100%"><tbody><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:1.col1:0.classicTable1:0" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:1.col1:0.classicTable1:0.td@@0" width="20.0000%"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 27 27" width="100%"><g><path d="M13.5,27C6.06,27,0,20.94,0,13.5S6.06,0,13.5,0S27,6.06,27,13.5S20.94,27,13.5,27z M13.5,2   C7.16,2,2,7.16,2,13.5S7.16,25,13.5,25S25,19.84,25,13.5S19.84,2,13.5,2z" fill="rgba(118,178,124,0)"></path><circle cx="13.5" cy="13.5" r="6" fill="rgb(237,237,237)"></circle></g><text x="-10000" y="-10000">_</text></svg></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:1.col1:0.classicTable1:0.td@@1" width="20.0000%"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 27 27" width="100%"><g><path d="M13.5,27C6.06,27,0,20.94,0,13.5S6.06,0,13.5,0S27,6.06,27,13.5S20.94,27,13.5,27z M13.5,2   C7.16,2,2,7.16,2,13.5S7.16,25,13.5,25S25,19.84,25,13.5S19.84,2,13.5,2z" fill="rgba(118,178,124,0)"></path><circle cx="13.5" cy="13.5" r="6" fill="rgb(237, 237, 237)"></circle></g><text x="-10000" y="-10000">_</text></svg></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:1.col1:0.classicTable1:0.td@@2" width="20.0000%"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 27 27" width="100%"><g><path d="M13.5,27C6.06,27,0,20.94,0,13.5S6.06,0,13.5,0S27,6.06,27,13.5S20.94,27,13.5,27z M13.5,2   C7.16,2,2,7.16,2,13.5S7.16,25,13.5,25S25,19.84,25,13.5S19.84,2,13.5,2z" fill="rgba(118,178,124,0)"></path><circle cx="13.5" cy="13.5" r="6" fill="rgb(237, 237, 237)"></circle></g><text x="-10000" y="-10000">_</text></svg></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:1.col1:0.classicTable1:0.td@@3" width="20.0000%"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 27 27" width="100%"><g><path d="M13.5,27C6.06,27,0,20.94,0,13.5S6.06,0,13.5,0S27,6.06,27,13.5S20.94,27,13.5,27z M13.5,2   C7.16,2,2,7.16,2,13.5S7.16,25,13.5,25S25,19.84,25,13.5S19.84,2,13.5,2z" fill="rgba(118,178,124,0)"></path><circle cx="13.5" cy="13.5" r="6" fill="rgb(237, 237, 237)"></circle></g><text x="-10000" y="-10000">_</text></svg></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:1.col1:0.classicTable1:0.td@@4" width="20.0000%"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 27 27" width="100%"><g><path d="M13.5,27C6.06,27,0,20.94,0,13.5S6.06,0,13.5,0S27,6.06,27,13.5S20.94,27,13.5,27z M13.5,2   C7.16,2,2,7.16,2,13.5S7.16,25,13.5,25S25,19.84,25,13.5S19.84,2,13.5,2z" fill="rgba(118,178,124,0)"></path><circle cx="13.5" cy="13.5" r="6" fill="rgb(237, 237, 237)"></circle></g><text x="-10000" y="-10000">_</text></svg></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p>&lt;&lt; &nbsp;滑动查看下一张图&nbsp; &gt;&gt;</p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/5990587a082e5e06f2c38dc28eef1c51_2.gif" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/445128a755aabe409287af0a2777e667_3.gif" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/6ed6a153ed16fd909b124b8ad91aa4e8_4.gif" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>影片片段</p></section><section></section><section></section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span>目前处理创口的<span>主流</span>方案是缝针，这种治疗方法不仅给患者带来额外的疼痛，还有极大可能造成不美观的疤痕。像影片中这类黑科技治疗方法真的存在么？呆酱发现，现在科技越来越发达，这些黑科技在医疗领域真的存在。</span></p><p><span></span></p><p><span></span></p><p><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86134" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><span><strong><span data-original-title="" title="">1</span></strong></span></section><section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><p><span><strong><span data-brushtype="text">“超级胶水”Me Tro</span></strong><span data-brushtype="text">&nbsp;</span></span></p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#27939d"><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>澳大利亚悉尼大学的团队发明一种颠覆打破传统的新疗法，研发出了一种人体专用的“超级胶水”——Me Tro 。</span><br  /></p></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>它的用法非常简单，把胶水涂抹到伤口上。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/05c6cbb6a8ffefade9f7dc197602adcd_5.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>然后用紫外线照一下，胶水在60秒内就会固化成凝胶状，并立即止血愈合伤口，相当于给人体打了个补丁。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f89cab8f91fdc4a7caa239a96500ec30_6.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>不仅见效快，伤愈后更是能不留疤痕，很神奇有没有?</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/bb453022d17fe35682332c0d3a69ac77_7.gif" /></p></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>Me Tro不仅可以作用于体表的伤口，还能用于人体内部，例如肺、心脏、动脉等部位的伤口，超强的密封性和牢固度可促进伤口的愈合与组织再生。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/dbcfe9bfdd425aae5f8750b2d5d013ab_8.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>如此黑科技的治疗方法，相信大家跟呆酱一样十分好奇这究竟是什么原理？</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>这种粘合剂是由一种叫“弹性蛋白原(tropoelastin)”的蛋白质组成的，它是弹性蛋白的前体分子，由人体蛋白合成，所以用在人体上并不会出现免疫反应。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/261926b9ebe095df34077d35fe827068_9.jpg" /></p></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>它能使皮肤、血管、肺组织、韧带和肌腱在伸展或收缩之后复原。自身内含的降解酶则会在伤口愈合后，自动将胶水降解，不会有任何的残留。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/daa789562437906f58230e50398ae4a0_10.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>在啮齿动物的动脉伤口和猪肺里都取得过不错的治疗效果。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86134" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><span><strong><span data-original-title="" title="">2</span></strong></span></section><section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><p><strong><span>无痛缝合贴</span></strong></p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#27939d"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span>这是一种叫做ZipStitch的<span>“创可贴”</span>，由美国的一家公司发明，是唯一一款无需处方即可获得的、媲美外科缝合效果的伤口闭合装置。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>据说这款产品可以免去缝针的痛苦，轻轻一拉，就能使伤口自然愈合，你动不动心呢？点击下方视频了解一下吧~</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><iframe src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=n0811tm7xoo&auto=0" width="100%" height="580" frameborder="0"></iframe></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/da530c3b319c1ef293e7bec50e83188d_11.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>缝合贴上类似于束线带的小拉链，不是光滑的而是齿条形状的，当齿条扣牢后只能收紧不能松开，所以拉链拉紧之后，原本还向外扩张的伤口就会紧紧的贴合在一起。它可以在伤口周围形成隔离区，防止牵拉力作用在伤口上。这样即保证了伤口的闭合度，又不会让患者因为伤口而妨碍生活，最大程度减少了患者的痛苦。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/decd4a3373888625b0497de7e69dd12b_12.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86134" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><span><strong><span data-original-title="" title="">3</span></strong></span></section><section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><p><strong><span>医用热熔胶枪</span></strong></p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#27939d"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span>以色列和美国的研究人员提出了一种适用于军用、灾难、急诊等环境的运用生物相容性医用创口粘合技术的产品——医用热熔胶枪。<span>它可以将撕裂的人体组织粘合在一起。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/05a0d286b83431fbee76284e0921b54b_13.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>他们将圆柱形的生物胶聚合物棒插入到一个商用热熔设备中。直接用手指按压热熔胶枪扳机，将生物粘接剂融化，从加热喷嘴直接挤出到创面上，有效地涂覆在创面边缘，将相关研究成果以“Hot Glue Gun Releasing Biocompatible Tissue Adhesive”为题发表在国际著名期刊Advanced Functional Materials上。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/03820b2528cb9e1d3cbbd278d461b8b0_14.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>研究团队的生物粘接剂是一种由N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)封端改性的四臂聚己内酯(star-PCL)。他们设想通过聚合物的固化，使聚合物分子与周围生物组织形成共价键作用，从而产生所需的粘结强度来实现这一粘合功能。为避免对周围组织和生物分子的损伤，生物粘接剂的熔点应尽可能不超过人体温度37℃。在不影响生物相容性和生物降解性的前提下，他们开发了一种简单的合成方案(图2)来制备具有精确熔点的生物材料，并制备了一系列熔点随聚合物的长度而变化的star-PCL-NHS聚合物。</span><strong></strong></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/3439b8212409580284ed21db61797682_15.png" /></p></p><p><span>生物粘合剂合成路线图</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86134" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><span><strong><span data-original-title="" title="">4</span></strong></span></section><section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><p><strong><span>愈合纱布</span></strong></p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#27939d"><p><br  /></p><p><span>在太空因为失重的状态，宇航员受一点伤都需要很长时间来愈合，将可能是致命的。由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)发明的电子纱布，它可以在正常体温下启动透过极微小电流刺激伤口周围细胞，加快伤口愈合并组织细菌滋生。</span></p><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/0d82ee0b29273f6f1313d3165d648181_16.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/d3155b1ef0b01aa4ea974e972e0b49da_17.jpg" /></p></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>它的纤维材质用的是PVDF（聚偏二氟乙烯），这是一种本身就具有带电性的聚合物，不用插电就会有电流自动产生，原理就是利用利用微电荷的刺激来加速伤口愈合。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/1a3be031b9e90ad57ef360b5ddcb3adb_18.jpg" /></p></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>这款纱布不仅可以加速伤口的愈合，还能防止伤口受到感染，滋生细菌</span>。<span>它可以根据实际应用来调整纤维的直径、密度和厚度。军人、术后的病人都可以使用。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/a42c2dab332703ff1d74d2a360feb946_19.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86134" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><span><strong><span data-original-title="" title="">5</span></strong></span></section><section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><p><strong><span>可自行修复循环使用的电子皮肤</span></strong></p></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>在电影《终结者》中有个场景：大BOSS被枪击后，皮肤竟然几秒钟就能痊愈如初。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/c79f2f146c6a6ae48886b5edb8315b41_20.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /><span></span></p><p><span>如今，这项“黑科技”几乎已变成现实，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校（CU Boulder）的研究人员所发明了一种“电子皮肤”，它具有良好的可塑性，能够自我修复且完全可回收，其相关成果论文发表在《Science Advances》杂志上。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/4be57b15db93473e6d994b9f0e6ce2e5_21.jpg" /></p></p><p><span>图片来源：Jianliang Xiao / University of Colorado Boulder</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>电子皮肤是一种薄的半透明材料，可以模拟人的皮肤功能和机械性能。它的独特之处在于，所使用的聚酰亚胺的化学键允许电子皮肤在室温下进行自我修复和完全可回收。另一个好处是，它可以很容易地适用于人体手臂和机器人手等弯曲表面，在不引入过度引力的情况下，施加适当的热量和压力。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>该研究的负责人Jianliang Xiao表示，他们研发新的电子皮肤具有测量压力、温度、湿度和气流的传感器。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>这款新型电子皮肤因其可塑性、可修复性以及可回收，预计将在机器人、假肢、健康监测和生物医学设备上广泛应用。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86134" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><span><strong><span data-original-title="" title="">6</span></strong></span></section><section><section data-width="20%"></section></section><p><span><strong><span data-brushtype="text">能快速有效止血的“鼻涕虫”</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#27939d"><p><br  /></p></section></section><p><span>哈佛大学科学家受到“鼻涕虫”的启发，研制了一种新型止血材料 TA（Tough Adhesives），这种新型材料可以迅速粘连止血，同时又保持极高的组织器官强度。该成果论文发表在Science期刊上。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>（前方高能！非战斗人员迅速撤离）</span><br  /></p><p><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/5dad609b21e3764ec92e086e2445755a_22.gif" /></p></p><p><span>如图，对于心脏上的孔也可以直接修补</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>这款“补丁”的用法十分简单，只需要贴上就行，而且，贴上后需要非常大的力气才能够扯掉。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ac12d5f04e7cda79341e3202cf09ee0b_23.gif" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/a17ee6ef2b225030f2a3393a4795b63a_24.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>即使在有血的表面（湿润环境）也能轻松粘合：</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/cccf956b9ddb7a2d2713224741d6608a_25.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>此外，它的延展性十分好，可以拉伸到原体积 14 倍长度，同时仍可保证粘连处固定良好。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/3d1f2e754c19e62bb4fe2db43d4998f1_26.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>而且，时间越长，它的粘合作用越强，远远甩掉了其他同类胶水。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/082f448d586b9e05264c8d50da1247ce_27.jpg" /></p></p><p><span>除了粘心脏，还能粘肝脏、粘皮肤、粘软骨、粘动脉等等。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f3975ee62a93f906b5d0f7af65b7d0de_28.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>它的细胞组织相容性良好，仅有轻中度的炎症反应。加上操作简单，就连心脏大出血，都可以「一贴止血」。堪称完美止血材料！</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>而这种材料，是科学家们从鼻涕虫身上找到的！</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>目前外科最常用的纤维蛋白胶（fibrin glue）和「502」胶都存在严重缺陷。因此科学家把目光投向了自然界中的生物。&nbsp;</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>在科学家们对贻贝、壁虎、蜗牛等能够产生粘液的生物的筛选过程中，一种叫做 Arion subfuscus 的鼻涕虫脱颖而出。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/93ee150630811157dfd2b3224af59d0b_29.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>这种鼻涕虫具有很好的柔软延展性。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>哈佛大学 Wyss 研究所迅速以这种鼻涕虫为原型，制备了一种新型双层水凝胶，这种水凝胶提取模拟了鼻涕虫体内双层藻酸盐—聚丙烯酰胺基质延展结构。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>同时借鉴其静电作用、共价键、物理渗透作用，确保粘连的强度。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>研究团队为了展示这种灵感来源，特意将材料染色做成鼻涕虫的样子放在心脏上：</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/9e01b9ae106b2270ee5e2b8ec4289eab_30.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>这次的技术创新，不同于以往手术室的技术改良，它从根本上改变了以往 100 多年的止血理念。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>这些改变，能够让外科手术实施更加完美，同时让患者受到的损伤也更少。</span><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>以上就是呆酱为大家整理的创口治疗黑科技，相信大家都很期待这些技术能早日在全世界普及，减轻患者痛苦。</span><span>随着科学技术的不断进步，我们也期待在医疗领域中有更多的黑科技得以应用</span><span>，</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="86032" data-color="#27939d"><section><section><p><strong><span data-brushtype="text">END</span></strong><span data-brushtype="text"></span></p></section><section><section data-width="100%"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><p><span></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="outer" 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