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<p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">外科器械生锈是长期以来困扰医院供应室的普遍性问题，外科器械绝大部分由金属材料做成，以钢铁材料居多，且多为不锈钢，医疗器械为保持其高硬度及锋利度，多采用仅含</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">13</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">％</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Cr</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的不锈钢作为材料，但却相对容易生锈。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">金属器械对灭菌因子的适应性比较广，它们耐高温、耐高压、耐辐射，但多数不耐腐蚀。器械生锈不仅会给医院造成经济损失，而且粘有锈迹的器械表面容易形成生物膜。造成灭菌失败，引起医源性感染，延长患者的住院时间，增加患者的痛苦，造成医疗资源的浪费。因此。在整个清洗、消毒及灭菌过程中要注意外科器械的物理性能，采用科学的清洗消毒流程，减少器械损耗。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、外科器械生锈原因分析</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1 </span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">氯化物的作用</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">氯化物可引起金属点状锈蚀和应力裂纹。氯化物来源很多：</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">目前</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">临床仍常规使用含氯消毒剂浸泡器械；</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">饮用水中含有天然氯；</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">蒸汽灭菌用水及终末漂洗用水因处理不合格使水中氯离子超标；</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(4)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">手术中使用生理盐水纱布擦拭器械；</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(5)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">接触器械的血液中含氯化钠，它对所有的不锈钢都具有侵蚀性，且干涸的有机污染物对器械造成的伤害更大，因为这些盐类没有了液体阻隔。直接与不锈钢接触，加重了对不锈钢的损害。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.2</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">酸的作用</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">清洗剂、除锈剂、消毒剂对器械有不同程度的酸性腐蚀：</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">酸性清洁剂</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">pH<7</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，最适合无机污物的去除，如尿垢或硬水垢：碱性清洁剂</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">pH>7</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，最适合有机污物的去除，如血、脂肪、大便等；酸性清洁剂易腐蚀器械，对于精细的不锈钢外科器械一般建议使用弱碱性的清洁剂，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">pH</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">值一般在</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">～</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">范围内。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有锈迹的器械应除锈：除锈剂为酸性，使用过程中易腐蚀器械，因此若在生锈器械的局部进行涂擦是可达到除锈效果的，不建议采用除锈剂浸泡，以免加重器械损坏。经除锈处理效果不满意的，建议报废。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">含氯消毒剂、二氧化氯等酸性消毒剂对金属器械有不同程度的腐蚀性。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.3</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">水的作用</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在清洗消毒过程中，水起到很多作用：</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">作为清洗剂、消毒剂及除锈剂的溶剂。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">用于蒸汽灭菌。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">用于预洗、漂洗及终末冲洗。水的性质也是影响器械腐蚀的因子，水的质量越高，最后冲洗的器械生物负载量越低，色斑、水垢形成的概率越小。纯水氯含量过高或冲洗不干净都会腐蚀器械。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(4)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">器械上残留的水膜会吸收空气中的有害化学物，如常见的氯化物，吸收后立刻形成化学电解液，使氧化膜保护层被破坏，失去保护的钢材裸露于空气中，引起器械腐蚀。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.4</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">环境因素</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大气温度与湿度两者关联影响金属锈蚀。大气中的水蒸气含量随气温升高而增大，气温高促使锈蚀加剧，尤其在潮湿环境中，气温越高，锈蚀速度越快。在相对湿度低时，温度对锈蚀的影响还不太明显，但当高于临界湿度时，随着气温的升高，锈蚀量急剧增大。钢铁的临界湿度约为</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">75</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">％，当大气湿度高于临界湿度后，金属表面便出现水膜和水珠。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">另外，如果大气与金属间有温差。则在温度低的金属表面形成冷凝水，也会导致生锈。大气中的氧对金属锈蚀最为常见，而且随时随地都会发生。大气中的二氧化硫、二氧化碳及空气中的污染颗粒，如烟雾、酸、碱、盐等也是腐蚀因素，而氯化物则被认为是腐蚀金属的主要因素。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.5</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">机械作用</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">带关节手术器械咬合处磨损多，器械的关节处一定是最容易生锈的地方，而且不锈钢等级越低，工艺质量越差，氧化膜保护层就越脆弱，器械就越快生锈。清洗工具选用不当也会损伤器械表面的保护层。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、管理措施</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.1 </span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正确的操作流程</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">医疗器械清洗消毒流程严格遵循《医院消毒供应室第</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">部分：清洗消毒及灭菌技术操作规范》，按照“分类一清洗一消毒一干燥一检查与保养一灭菌”流程进行。归根结底，生锈最主要的原因在于清洁不及时、不彻底，器械上残留的有机物，经过高温高压灭菌程序更加重了其腐蚀作用，而且清洗不彻底容易造成灭菌失败，因此应更加重视清洁。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">保湿处理</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">手术下台后，器械应及时清洗，因为间隔时间越长，器械被腐蚀就越严重，处理的成本也越多。如果不能立即清洗，要进行保湿处理，用多酶洗液进行保湿处理效果最佳，因多酶清洗液可有效高速地分解人体的各种有机物，其用于器械的保湿处理，可迅速分解器械上的血液、组织等有机物，从而有效缩短器械的处理时间，进一步提高器械的使用效率、降低器械的腐蚀率。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.3</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正确使用清洗剂、润滑剂、消毒剂、除锈剂</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多酶清洗液及润滑液应每次更换。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">选择中性或碱性清洁剂。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">严格按照生产厂商的要求选择清洗剂、消毒剂、除锈剂的浓度、温度及浸泡时间。若长时间使用同一溶液，溶液挥发后浓度升高容易产生锈蚀，也会因污染而使消毒效果减弱。手工清洗水温宜为</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">15</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">～</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">℃，超声波及清洗消毒器水温应≤</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">45 </span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">℃</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(4)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">消毒技术规范中指出，非感染患者使用后的手术器械应选用加酶洗涤剂浸泡擦洗或选用洗净消毒装置或超声清洗装置清洗去污，感染症患者使用的器械采用消毒剂浸泡</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">须加防腐剂</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">)</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，避免消毒液长时间浸泡腐蚀器械。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.4</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">器械分类</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">清洗前将生锈的器械挑出单独清洗，因生锈的器械在水中分解为铁离子，铁离子接触到光洁的器械表面产生锈蚀，去污处理完毕的器械，应专人负责检查。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.5</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">减少机械磨损</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">无论是人工清洗还是机械清洗都应避免器械过度受到机械磨损，避免用硬毛刷、钢丝球擦洗器械，破坏器械表面的保护膜。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.6</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">保持器械干燥</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">潮湿的器械因带有水分影响灭菌因子的穿透，造成灭菌失败，应选用干燥设备对器械进行干燥处理。经过干燥程序后应为器械上油，隔绝干燥的器械表面与空气及其他有害的化学物质，从而起到保护器械的作用。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.7</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">定期监测水质</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">关注灭菌蒸器用水及终末冲洗纯化水的质量，定期监测压力蒸汽灭菌器的用水质量。冲洗、洗涤、漂洗时应使用软水，终末漂洗、消毒时应使用纯化水。</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Calibri; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.8</span></span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">器械存放</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">器械存放环境不佳也是造成锈蚀的原因之一，仪器应在干燥无尘的环境中存放，避免器械与气温温差太大，以免仪器上出现冷凝液。器械包应规则放置，避免叠放，并分类存放，不能同化学药品放在一起。</span></p><hr style="white-space: normal;" /><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><strong style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="bkcolor" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; background-color: rgb(191, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><strong><span style="line-height: 2em; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">ID: </span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">最具人气的医疗器械维修新媒体平台</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 11px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">分享医疗器械前沿动态、医疗器械维修经验</span> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">医疗器械维修人自己的交流平台</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 11px;">加群主微信 </span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(149, 55, 52); font-size: 11px;">shanying916</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127);"><span style="font-size: 11px;"><span style="color: rgb(149, 55, 52); font-size: 11px;"></span> </span><span style="font-size: 12px;">与更多行业从业人员互动交流</span></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6MoypciaNOibiaxmVLk8eA6ibKL14uWjKsZwrWboQYKTfXqPicXycwL1icfia1pAG0VzlTX3MRR4FPV0ZtZA/0" data-ratio="1.0136054421768708" data-w="147" /></span></strong></p>
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发表于 2020-10-21 13:30:04