【涨姿势】B超、CT、PET-CT、MRI……别傻傻分不清楚！

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                    <p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201019/a8cbd82ba4dc89ee1948335d08bbf2c1_1.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><section><section><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/7a152f0ea933d256db837e60ee38026c_2.jpg" /></p></section></section><section><section><section><section><span><section>B超</section></span></section><section><span><section>用超声波</section><section>探测人体</section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p><br  /></p><p><section><section><section><section><span>升级版为“彩超”，可提供血流动力学的信息。</span></section><p><br  /></p><p><strong>建议检查</strong>：乳腺、甲状腺、肝脏胰腺等肿瘤。</p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><strong>特长</strong>：观察心脏、甲状腺、乳腺、腹部等实质性脏器、盆腔器官、胎儿。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>注意事项：</section><section>【空腹】</section><section>上腹空腹，禁食6-8个小时。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【前三天禁豆制品、牛奶】</section><section>这些食物产气，影响检查。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【憋尿】</section><section>如果要检查泌尿系统及盆腔，检查前要多喝水、憋尿，使膀胱充盈，便于检查。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/c4d82617af34a05050ba991d2ece4ddb_3.jpg" /></p></section></section><section><section><section><section><span><p>X线</p></span><br  /></section><section><span><section>给检查部位</section><section>拍“正面照”</section><section><br  /></section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p>包括CR、DR、<span>乳腺X线检查</span>、数字化胃肠影像检查。</p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><strong>建议检查</strong></strong>：乳腺、胃部等肿瘤。</p><p><br  /></p><p><strong>特长</strong>：用于肺部疾病的基础诊断，比如肺炎，肺癌，支气管扩张等。在骨骼类诊断，比如骨折和各种骨类肿瘤，具有很大优势。另外对检查肠梗阻和大部分的肾结石也有很大的帮助。</p><p><br  /></p><p>尤其，乳腺X线检查（<span>钼靶检查）</span>，<span>对仅表现为微小钙化的乳腺癌显示要优于其他检查方法，但对致密型乳腺内病变检出的敏感性和准确性较低，适合40岁以上妇女乳腺癌筛查。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span><span>数字化胃肠影像检查<span>，通俗说“透视”，适用于消化道以及泌尿系统疾病的诊断。</span></span></span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><strong>注意</strong>：去除检查部位周围的金属或者玉石等物品，避免伪影影响诊断。</p><section><br  /></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section><section><section><section><section><span><section>CT</section></span></section><section><span><section>用X线给身体</section><section>每个横截面“拍照”</section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><strong><span><strong>建议检查</strong></span></strong><span>：肺、腹部、盆腔等肿瘤。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>特长：成像比X线更清晰；对高密度的骨性组织和出血、肿瘤的钙化病变的检出，具有独特优势。低剂量的螺旋CT是对肺癌筛查的有效手段。</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>注意事项：<br  /></section><section>【身上最好不要带东西】</section><section>去除检查部位周围的金属或者玉石等物品，避免伪影影响诊断。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【大部分需要空腹】</section><p>除腹部和盆腔平扫以外，大部分平扫CT无需空腹，涉及到增强扫描则需空腹。检查需要时，请配合医生服用碘对比剂。</p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section>【过敏情况】</section><section>对造影剂或其他过敏记得告诉医生。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【带上之前检查的结果】</section><section>比如B超、X线、CT、MRI等。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section><section><section><section><section><span><section>MRI</section></span></section><section><span><section>磁共振成像</section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><strong><strong>建议检查</strong></strong>：肝癌、胰腺、脑部等肿瘤。</p><p><br  /></p><p>MRI 把人体置于强磁场中，通过射频脉冲激发人体内氢质子，发生核磁共振，成像方式更加多样，成像原理更加复杂，所得到信息也更加丰富。</p><section><br  /></section><section>特长：对软组织的分辨率更高，清楚显示颅脑、脊髓、心脏、大血管及肌肉组织。<span>主要用于</span><span>脑转移的诊断。</span></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>注意事项：</section><section>【严禁金属】</section><section>比如手机、皮带扣、假牙、节育环、起搏器。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【不要乱动】</section><section>MRI检查时间较长，期间尽量不要乱动，保持呼吸平稳、避免咳嗽。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【其他参照CT】</section><section>过敏告知医生、带上之前检查结果。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section><section><section><section><section><span><section>PET-CT</section></span></section><section><span><section>正电子发射计算机</section><section>断层显像</section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><strong><span><strong>建议检查</strong></span></strong><span>：全身及转移性实体肿瘤。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>PET检查（发现代谢异常细胞）+CT检查（发现形态异常组织），</span><span>先注射放射性药物，再行CT扫描。</span></p><section><br  /></section><section><strong>特长</strong>：癌症病人的诊断、鉴别诊断、疗效评估、临床分期。</section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>注意事项：</section><section>【禁食、禁糖6小时以上】</section><section>血糖会影响检查，糖尿病人应先用药使血糖降至正常。</section><section><br  /></section><section>【检查后多喝水】</section><p>该检查辐射量较大，喝水可促进辐射物排出，当天避免接触孕妇小孩。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></p><p><p><img src="image/20201019/df1c2eb09b3189e573942cb954365e1d_4.png" /></p><br  /></p>