雾霾天，口罩这样戴才有效｜防霾专题（一）

admin

                    

                    

                    
                    
                    <section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section><section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>支持北京十余家市属三级医院微信挂号，北京医保、自费患者/异地无卡患者均可用。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p><p><span>都说，<br  /></span></p><p><span>霾，还数北京纯，</span></p><p><span>但......</span></p><p><span>玩笑归玩笑，出门还是别忘了戴口罩</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>刚刚过去的周末，北京市空气质量达到5级重度污染水平。“橙色预警”下，有人放弃出行选择家里蹲式的望“霾”兴叹，也有人层层武装然后鼓起勇气踏出家门。</p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/58ac18a16e5e688d9f342d54ab86f505_1.png" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/88d82426667ef59f2b27f54848e160d9_2.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/6b36cf967166d5a9043c91b29db7d4f1_3.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>雾霾天气，做好个人防护真的很重要，比如在户外活动中佩戴口罩，就是那种需要<span>高</span><span>亮</span><span>大写</span><span><strong>加粗</strong></span>的事！</p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section></section><section><p><strong>口罩的分类和标准</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><p>市场上的口罩可大致分为工业用口罩、医用口罩、民用口罩（即日常防护型口罩）。</p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/d5f31c147cfdd29a9ce5b1bcb753152f_4.png" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>工业用口罩执行GB2626-2006《呼吸防护用品自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》标准，医用防护口罩执行GB19083-2010《医用防护口罩技术要求》标准。<br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>今年11月1日，由国家标准化管理委员会颁布的我国首个民用防护口罩国家标准GB/T32610-2016《日常防护型口罩技术规范》正式实施。该标准对细颗粒物(PM2.5)的防护效果和佩戴的安全性能做了明确规定。</p><p><br  /></p><p>根据标准，口罩的防护级别由高到低分为ABCD四个等级。</p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span>D级适用于中度污染（PM2.5浓度≤150微克/立方米）；</span></p><p>C级适用于重度污染（PM2.5浓度≤250微克/立方米）；</p><p>B级适用于严重污染（PM2.5浓度≤350微克/立方米）；</p><p>A级在PM2.5浓度达500微克/立方米时使用。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section></section><section><p><strong>口罩の选择</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>选择口罩时，应充分考虑雾霾污染级别、工作性质及其他特殊情况，确定适合自己的口罩款式与型号。遵照使用说明进行佩戴，保证口罩能完全罩住鼻、口及下巴，并与面部紧密贴合。</p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/28aedb3d546e148bb3cfd8650272a933_5.png" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span>从材质来看，无纺布或各种纤维材料，能够吸附、过滤空气中的各种细颗粒物；加入活性炭材料的口罩，能够吸除异味；棉纱口罩保暖、防灰尘尚可，但几乎没有防护雾霾效果，并不推荐。</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>从佩戴方式来看，日常防护型口罩以挂耳式与头戴式最为常见。挂耳式佩戴方便，但佩戴时间较长容易耳根痛，且密封性差容易漏风；头戴式封闭性好、佩戴舒适，但对于长头发佩戴者而言，头带容易滑脱。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>还有的口罩配有呼吸阀门。吸气时阀门关闭，有助于空气的有效过滤；呼气时阀门打开，令湿热空气排出，减少口罩内水珠的形成。缺点是价格偏贵。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>总的来说，在佩戴体验方面，头戴式口罩优于挂耳式口罩，有呼吸阀的口罩优于无呼吸阀口罩。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>特定人群</strong></p></section></section></section></section><ul><li><p>患有心脏或呼吸系统疾病的人群<span><span>（<span>如哮喘肺气肿人群</span>），</span></span>佩戴后头晕、呼吸困难和皮肤敏感者不建议佩戴口罩，应尽量减少室外活动；<br  /></p></li></ul><p><br  /></p><ul><li><p>骑行或运动时佩戴口罩，可降低汽车尾气及道路扬尘对呼吸道的刺激，但注意口罩防护级别不宜过高，以防造成呼吸不畅。</p></li></ul><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section></section><section><p><strong>佩戴方法</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>雾霾对人的伤害是逐渐累积的，等到一定阶段就可能刺激生病，千万不要等到已经被雾霾刺激到胸闷、咳嗽、眼痒时再戴口罩。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span></span></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/318cd3cde9b34a16f23b77fb72c72ed8_6.png" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>在口罩佩戴时机选择上，这里与大家分享一个小技巧：眼看地平线，向上约30度都是灰色的话，都需要佩戴口罩。<br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong><span>下面，通过专业人员佩戴口罩演示组图，你也来检查看看，“口罩，你确定戴对了吗？”</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>1</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>面向口罩无鼻夹的一面，两手各拉住一边耳带，使鼻夹位于口罩上方</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201019/afc6cc9ae92da8bd7795505ffb380e1d_7.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201019/f459549e7268167f98dee6dd6aed473f_8.jpg" /></p></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>2</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>用口罩抵住下巴</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>3</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>将耳带拉至耳后，调整耳带至感觉尽可能舒适</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201019/0aad5a3604b53e92c5266c916c055d54_9.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201019/9e12e470c4a3c092437acf430ff1f9a3_10.jpg" /></p></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>4</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>最后必须检查口罩与脸部的密合性</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>5</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>佩戴完毕</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201019/60862b245122d1e631fcd0b164419d38_11.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span>（点击可看大图哟）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>注意事项</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span>口罩需在正规渠道购买；</span><br  /></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p>防霾口罩不可反复清洗；</p><p><br  /></p><p>专人专用，不能交叉使用；</p><p><br  /></p><p>佩戴过程出现不适或不良反应，应停止佩戴该口罩；</p><p><br  /></p><p>根据不同的空气污染程度，选择相应防护级别效果的口罩；</p><p><br  /></p><p>口罩都设置有鼻夹，用于佩戴时压紧鼻梁两侧，保持密封性；</p><p><br  /></p><p>更换口罩指标：口罩有异味、配件（<span>如耳带</span>）破损、阻力明显增大时，或者任性就是想换掉；</p><p><br  /></p><p>口罩一般为一次性使用，但在保存良好的情况下可多次使用，需要在使用后甩干或擦干口罩内水珠，放于阴凉干燥处；</p><p><br  /></p><p>长时间佩戴高呼吸阻力的口罩可能对身体健康产生不利影响，不建议长时间、超等级佩戴防护型口罩。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>没错，</span></p><p><span>这哪里是一副口罩</span></p><p><span>它根本就是我们</span><span>全部信任与安全感的寄托！</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201019/1a2dc90ed2cf681cb341be33834a956a_12.gif" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span></span></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong><span>猜</span><span>你<span>想</span>看</span></strong><span><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>挂号指南</strong><span> | </span><strong>适用医院</strong><br  /></p><p><span><strong>放号时间</strong></span><strong><span></span> </strong><span>| </span><strong>科普精选</strong></p></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section donone="shifuMouseDownSignature(&#39;shifu_sig_005&#39;)" label="Copyright ? 2015 playhudong All Rights Reserved."><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/c01e31132f359d804aa14ae53fd5f7ad_13.jpg" /></p></section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/c74ff711d4cee8dc1cf1f39a1ae4ced1_14.png" /></p><section><br  /></section></section><section><p><br  /><strong><span>北京市属医院<br  />官方挂号平台</span></strong><br  /><br  /><span>微信挂号，随时随地</span><br  /><span>本人挂号 | 帮家人挂号</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>本文内容来源于公众号“北京市疾控中心”、“北京朝阳医院”</span></p><p><span>图片素材来源于网络</span></p><p><span>本期编辑：Iris</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span><strong><span>?点击</span></strong><span><strong><span>“阅读原文”</span></strong></span><strong><span>，直接挂号</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section>