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全球癌症地图

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发表于 2020-10-14 13:19:37 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

                    

                    

                    
                    
                    <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-role="outer" label="owered by gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="88968"><section><section><p><span>无论男女,中国癌症死亡率最高的都是气管、支气管和肺癌。</span></p></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>《JAMA Oncology》近日发布了最新的全球癌症地图,报告了2017年全球范围内195个国家/地区、29组癌症的发病率、死亡率、寿命损失年(YLLs)、伤残损失生命年(YLDs)和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)等信息。</span><span></span><br  /></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/2c859bb04b1db5bf420ae9b788ae9f18_2.png" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/51868e9273dc9bb8660ba55cedff143a_3.png" /></p></p><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><span>癌症和其他非传染性疾病(NCDs)现在被广泛认为对全球发展构成了严重威胁。</span><span>最近举行的联合国非传染性疾病问题高级别会议重申了这一观点,并强调在实现“2011年预防和控制非传染性疾病政治宣言(到2025年,将非传染性疾病的早亡人数减少25%)”和“第三个可持续发展目标(到2030年,通过预防和治疗,将非传染性疾病的早亡人数减少1/3,并提升心理健康和幸福感)”方面进展缓慢。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section></section><section><span>近日,美国华盛顿大学卫生计量与评估研究所的研究人员利用全球疾病负担(GBD)研究报告中的数据,对195个国家和地区的癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整寿命年等指标进行动态监测与评价,从而为各国政府制定卫生政策和分配卫生资源提供决策依据。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2557275"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2130557"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2077538"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="1941330" data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62)"><section data-role="outer" label="owered by 365editor"><section powered-by="gulangu.us"><section><section><section data-css="-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(204,0,0);display: inline-block;height: 0.7em;transform: rotate(45deg);vertical-align: middle;width: 0.7em"></section><section data-css="-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(204,0,0);display: inline-block;height: 0.4em;margin-left: 0.2em;transform: rotate(45deg);vertical-align: middle;width: 0.4em"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify"><br  /></p><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center"><span data-css="color: rgb(215, 0, 15);font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold">全球癌症发病率、死亡率和DALYs</span></p><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center"><br  /></p></section><section></section></section></section><section><span>2017年,全球新发癌症病例<strong>2450万</strong>(95%UI,2220万~2740万),癌症死亡病例9<strong>60万</strong>(95%UI,940~970万),如表1所示。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>表1:2017年全球癌症发病和死亡人数</span></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/6bb6b31312e04c481e1d32058d58624e_4.png" /></p></p><section><span>&nbsp;</span><br  /></section><section><span>2017年,癌症导致了<strong>2.335亿</strong>(95%UI,2.288~2.380亿)伤残调整寿命年(DALYs),其中<strong>97%</strong>来自于寿命损失年(YLLs),3%来自于伤残损失生命年(YLDs)</span>。<span></span></section><section><br  /></section><section></section><section><span>在全球范围内,<strong>男性在一生中(0~79岁)患癌症的几率为1/3,女性为1/4</strong>。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><strong><span>皮肤癌,气管、支气管和肺(TBL)癌和前列腺癌是男性最常见的癌症</span></strong><span>,占所有癌症病例的54%。</span><span>男性因癌症死亡和DALYs最常见的原因是TBL、肝癌和胃癌。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><strong><span>女性最常见的癌症是非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(NMSC)、乳腺癌和结直肠癌</span></strong><span>,占所有癌症病例的54%。</span><span>女性因癌症死亡和DALYs的主要原因是乳腺癌、TBL癌和结直肠癌。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>在2007至2017年的十年间,195个国家/地区中,有<strong>123个国家/地区的年平均癌症年龄标准化发病率有所上升</strong>(如图1所示),而<strong>有145个国家/地区的年平均癌症年龄标准化死亡率下降</strong>(如图2所示)。</span></section><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/d8d9e587cce4e9825fc7b41e3643dcba_5.png" /></p></p><section><span>图1:2007~2017年全球年平均癌症年龄标准化发病率</span><br  /></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ed0a35c424a325694976bb03177eed4c_6.png" /></p></p><section><span>图2:2007~2017年全球年平均癌症年龄标准化死亡率</span><br  /></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2130557"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2077538"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="1941330" data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62)"><section data-role="outer" label="owered by 365editor"><section powered-by="gulangu.us"><section><section><section data-css="-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(204,0,0);display: inline-block;height: 0.7em;transform: rotate(45deg);vertical-align: middle;width: 0.7em"></section><section data-css="-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(204,0,0);display: inline-block;height: 0.4em;margin-left: 0.2em;transform: rotate(45deg);vertical-align: middle;width: 0.4em"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify"><br  /></p><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center"><span data-css="color: rgb(215, 0, 15);font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold">2017年全球十大癌症</span></p><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center"><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>如表1所示,2017年,全球发病率排在前10位的癌症分别为:</span><span>NMSC、TBL癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤和膀胱癌。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>全球死亡率排在前10位的癌症分别为:</span><span>TBL癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、食管癌、前列腺癌、宫颈癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>NMSC</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,NMSC新发病例770万,其中590万是基底细胞癌,另180万是鳞状细胞癌。</span><span>这种癌症造成6.5万人死亡和130万DALYs,其中97%来自YLLs,3%来自YLDs,如图3所示。</span><span>在全球范围内,男性在一生中患上NMSC的几率是1/7,女性为1/10。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/dcaa5e5629cad7e87598c6b5a05cc04a_7.png" /></p></p><p><span>图3:2007年至2017年按绝对YLLs排名的癌症</span></p><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>TB</strong><strong>L癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,TBL癌新发病例220万,造成190万人死亡和4090万DALYs。</span><span>男性在一生中患上TBL癌的几率为1/17,女性为1/43。</span><span></span></section><section><br  /></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>乳腺癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,乳腺癌新发病例200万,其中女性占190万;</span><span>造成了60.1万名女性死亡和1.1万名男性死亡。</span><span>对女性来说,乳腺癌是造成她们当年因癌症死亡的主要原因。</span><span>这种癌症总共造成男女患者1770万DALYs。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>结直肠癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,结直肠癌新发病例180万,造成89.6万人死亡和1900万DALYS。</span><span>男性在一生中患上结直肠的几率为1/26,女性为1/40。</span><span>2007年至2017年,结直肠癌的新发病例增加了38%,从130万人增加到180万人。</span><span>增长的大部分原因归因于人口老龄化(20%)和人口不断增长(13%)。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>前列腺癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,前列腺癌新发病例130万人,造成41.6万人死亡和 710万DALYs。</span><span>在全球范围内,男性在一生中患上前列腺癌的几率为1/18。</span><span>前列腺癌是114个国家中男性发病率最高的癌症,也是56个国家男性因癌症死亡的主要原因。</span><span></span></section><section><br  /></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>胃癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,胃癌新发病例120万人,造成86.5万人死亡和1910万DALYs。</span><span>男性在一生中患上胃癌的几率为1/33,女性为1/78。</span><span>2007年至2017年,胃癌新发病例增加了25%。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>肝癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,肝癌新发病例95.3万人,造成81.9万人死亡和2080万DALYs。</span><span>男性在一生中患上肝癌的几率为1/42,女性为1/118。</span><span>人口老龄化和人口增长是肝癌新发病例数增加的驱动因素。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>宫颈癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,宫颈癌新发病例60.1万人,造成26万名女性死亡和 810万DALYs。</span><span>在全球范围内,女性在一生中患上宫颈癌的几率是1/65。</span><span>这种癌症是50个国家中女性最常见的癌症,也是39个国家女性因癌症而死亡最常见的原因。</span><span>2007年至2017年,宫颈癌新发病例增加了19%,死亡人数也增加了19%。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>非霍奇金淋巴瘤</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,非霍奇金淋巴瘤新发病例48.8万人,造成24.9万人死亡和700万DALYs。</span><span>在全球范围内,男性在一生中患上非霍奇金淋巴瘤的几率为1/108,女性为1/162。</span><span>十年间,这种癌症的新发病例增加了39%。</span><span></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626069"><section></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2626040"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95679"><section><section><section><span><strong>膀胱癌</strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text">&nbsp; &nbsp;<br  /></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section><section><span>2017年,膀胱癌新发病例47.4万人,造成19.7万人死亡和360万DALYs。</span><span>男性在一生中患上膀胱癌的几率为1/74,女性为1/301。</span><span>十年间,膀胱癌的新发病例增加了32%。</span><span></span></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2130557"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2077538"><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="1941330" data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62)"><section data-role="outer" label="owered by 365editor"><section powered-by="gulangu.us"><section><section><section data-css="-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(204,0,0);display: inline-block;height: 0.7em;transform: rotate(45deg);vertical-align: middle;width: 0.7em"></section><section data-css="-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(204,0,0);display: inline-block;height: 0.4em;margin-left: 0.2em;transform: rotate(45deg);vertical-align: middle;width: 0.4em"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify"><br  /></p><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center"><span data-css="color: rgb(215, 0, 15);font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold">中国十大癌症排行榜</span></p><p data-css="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center"><br  /></p></section><section></section></section><section><span>2017年,中国发病率排在前10位的癌症分别为:</span><span>TBL癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、食管癌、其他恶性肿瘤、前列腺癌、脑和中枢神经系统癌症,如图4所示。</span><span></span><br  /></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/e3409a393b6cfe28c39688b759c5c30c_8.png" /></p></p><section><span>图4:2017年中国发病率前十位的癌症</span><br  /></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><span>死亡率排在前10位的癌症分别为:</span><span>TBL癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、其他恶性肿瘤、脑和中枢神经系统癌症和前列腺癌。</span><span></span></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ce25794e9586be508bc0c4a0dd0e0d8b_9.png" /></p></p><section><span>图5:2017年中国死亡率前十位的癌症</span><br  /></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2130840"><section><section><section><section><p><span>结论</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>GDB研究中关于癌症负担的各国流行病学概况显示出巨大的异质性,这反映了不同的风险因素、经济环境、生活方式和获得诊疗的机会。</span><span>为了确保可持续的全球发展,各国政府需要在预防癌症和确保普遍获得癌症诊疗方面加大努力。</span><span></span></section><section><span>&nbsp;</span></section><section><strong><span>参考文献</span></strong></section><section><span>Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study,&nbsp;JAMA Oncol.&nbspublished online September 27, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996.&nbsp;</span></section><section><br  /></section><section data-style-type="5" data-tools="新媒体排版" data-id="2428528"><p><span>本文首发:医学界肿瘤频道</span></p><p><span>本文作者:关山月</span></p><p><span>责任编辑:Sharon</span></p></section><p><span>&nbsp;</span><br  /><span></span></p><p><a data-miniprogram-appid="wxdc7efe409d688f37" data-miniprogram-path="pages/index/index" data-miniprogram-nickname="" href="" data-miniprogram-type="image" data-miniprogram-servicetype="" href=""><p><img src="image/20201014/9b56b340737aeb94a7591bcbc4044481_10.gif" /></p></a></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="owered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="paragraph"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>相关阅读</strong></section></section></section><section><section></section></section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section><section data-width="100%"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2aac877ff9233ba5a66e7a5ff3a4febf_11.gif" /></p></section><section data-brushtype="text">戳一下,更有料!</section></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="87578" data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section data-brushtype="text"><br  /></section><p>国家癌症中心:2019年全国最新癌症报告<br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>一名癌症放疗病人火化后,火葬场竟然受到了辐射污染……<br  /></p><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/aad9f56b0707b5374bbac6273a663447_12.jpg" /></p></p>
               
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