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<section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br /></p><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><span>日前,国家药品监管局和国家卫生健康委联合发布《定制式医疗器械监督管理规定(试行)》(以下简称《规定》),<span>自2020年1月1日起正式施行。</span>作为<span>首部</span>对定制式医疗器械进行统一监管的法规,《规定》对定制式医疗器械备案管理、设计加工、使用管理、监督管理等作出明确要求。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>业内专家认为,《规定》的出台能让定制式医疗器械在临床上得到规范使用,有利于保障患者用械安全。</span></p><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span></span><span></span><span></span></section><section><p><strong>满足临床需求</strong></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p>所谓定制式医疗器械,是指为满足指定患者的罕见特殊病损情况,在我国已上市产品难以满足临床需求情况下,由医疗器械生产企业基于医疗机构特殊临床需求而设计和生产,用于指定患者的、预期能提高诊疗效果的个性化医疗器械。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/c850a03fc6ba49771946f71ba2d50142_2.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p><p><span>据北京大学第三医院骨科刘忠军主任医师介绍,《规定》的出台与临床实际需求直接相关。</span><span>比如,有些病变部位切除后,创面呈特殊形状、特殊大小,按标准规格生产的医疗器械不能与之匹配。</span><span>没有定制式医疗器械,临床上一些特殊治疗需求无法得到满足。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院骨科郝永强主任医师表示,随着我国经济快速发展,以及公众健康意识提升,患者个体差异越来越受重视,定制式医疗器械临床需求日益增大。</span><span>目前,我国已有多家医疗机构与医疗器械生产企业、高等院校合作开展定制式医疗器械在骨科、颅颌面外科、整形外科、口腔修复科和眼科等领域的研发应用。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>据了解,此前由于国内并无相关法规,临床所需定制式医疗器械多由医疗机构以临床研究名义,得到伦理委员会批准后,与有条件的医疗器械生产企业合作开发。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>刘忠军认为,定制式医疗器械与创新紧密联系,如果没有法规依据会导致监管缺失。</span><span>显然,<span>《规定》的出台为规范定制式医疗器械生产、使用,更好满足临床需求提供了有力保障。</span></span><span></span></p><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span></span><span></span><span></span></section><section><p><strong>加强科学监管</strong></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><span>“《规定》以企业、医疗机构资格能力为主要备案条件,以过程监管为导向,以信息公开、信用监管为依托,实事求是,充分体现‘以患者为中心,以临床需求为导向’的监管理念,在监管方式上有所创新、有所突破,在保障安全、鼓励创新、满足患者需求上找到了最佳平衡点。</span><span>”上海市药品监管局医疗器械监管处副处长黄亦武如是评价《规定》。</span></p><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/fae0298410788414afa104af2f62ba70_3.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p><p><span>在黄亦武看来,<span>对定制式医疗器械实行备案管理是《规定》的一大亮点。</span>“定制式医疗器械仅用于特定患者,没有足够的人群样本进行临床评价,难以通过现行注册管理模式进行注册。</span><span>因此,药品监管部门实事求是,对其实行备案管理,同时又给后续注册留出了接口。</span><span>”黄亦武说。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>《规定》明确,当定制式医疗器械临床使用病例数及前期研究达到上市前审批要求时,应按照《医疗器械注册管理办法》《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法》规定,申报注册或者办理备案。</span><span>符合伦理准则且真实、准确、完整、可溯源的临床使用数据,可作为临床评价资料用于注册申报。</span><span>《规定》同时要求,医疗器械生产企业及医疗机构共同作为定制式医疗器械备案人,明确了医疗机构和生产企业的责任。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>“<span>备案并不是不管,而是通过设定企业和医疗机构的资格、能力、信用条件,加强事中事后监管。</span>”黄亦武说。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>刘忠军直言,为确保患者安全,并非所有医疗机构都能使用定制式医疗器械。</span><span>《规定》对生产、使用定制式医疗器械的企业和医疗机构的资质均有明确规定,并要求定制式医疗器械不得委托生产。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>为确保产品质量,加强上市后监管,《规定》还要求定制式医疗器械说明书标签能够追溯到特定患者;</span><span>备案人应当向所在地省(区、市)药品监管部门和卫生健康行政部门报告上一年度定制式医疗器械的生产和使用情况。</span></p><p><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span></span><span></span><span></span></section><section><p><strong>亟待探索实践</strong></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><br /></p><p><span>虽然《规定》的出台对定制式医疗器械的规范生产、使用提供了制度保障,但<span>定制式医疗器械要想真正满足临床需求,还需进一步探索实践。 </span></span></p></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><br /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/08d107a6b918f923ca0640e3cfc31c39_4.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p><p><span>首先,对定制式医疗器械的监管对药监人员的能力提出更高要求。</span><span>《规定》明确,定制式医疗器械的生产和使用向医疗器械生产企业所在地(进口产品为代理人所在地)省(区、市)药品监管部门备案。</span><span>各地监管部门对具体案例的评判标准可能存在差异,定制理由是否充分、设计方案是否科学、企业是否有能力生产出来,乃至是否存在“为定制而定制”现象等,都需要有客观评判标准。</span><span>“这都需要国家药监局加大对监管人员的培训。</span><span>”一位业内人士指出。</span><span> </span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>此外,医工交互是定制式医疗器械设计加工的关键点也是难点。</span><span>《规定》明确,在保护患者隐私的前提下,生产企业应当将定制式医疗器械产品设计环节延伸至医疗机构。</span><span> “定制式医疗器械的生产需要工程师和医生的长期磨合,否则,生产出来的所谓定制式医疗器械可能与医生预期相差甚远。</span><span>” 郝永强强调。</span><span></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>记者也了解到,定制式医疗器械对研制、生产环节要求较高,但其临床使用尚未纳入医疗机构收费目录,大多数医疗器械生产企业对此兴趣并不大,因此<span>如何提高生产企业的积极性,还需相关配套政策的支持。</span></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p><p>文<span>/《中国医药报》记者 郭婷</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p>转载自:中国医学装备协会订阅号</p><p>新媒体编辑:申杨</p><p>统筹策划:刘爽</p></section><p><br /></p><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section 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